From CAN to Ethernet: The Transformation of Automotive Networking

LEADSIGN-AUTO

·December 9, 2024

·12 min read

From CAN to Ethernet: The Transformation of Automotive Networking — Image Source: LEADSIGN

Car networks are very important in today's vehicles, playing a crucial role in automotive networking by enabling different systems to communicate seamlessly. In the past, cars relied on CAN protocols for this purpose. Now, they are transitioning to Ethernet, which represents a significant improvement. This shift enhances the ability of cars to transmit data more quickly and operate more effectively together. Ethernet is not only fast but also scalable, accommodating new demands as they arise. This evolution marks a major advancement in car technology, allowing vehicles to manage increasingly complex systems as they become smarter.

Key Takeaways

The shift from CAN to Ethernet represents a significant advancement in automotive networking, enabling faster data transmission and improved system integration.
Ethernet supports modern car technologies like advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and electric vehicle management, making it essential for future vehicle designs.
While CAN was effective for simpler systems, its limitations in speed and scalability have led to the adoption of Ethernet, which can handle the demands of today's complex automotive environments.
Automotive Ethernet allows for easier expansion and integration of multiple devices, ensuring that vehicles can adapt to new technologies without compromising performance.
The transition to Ethernet is crucial for enabling vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, enhancing safety and traffic management through real-time data sharing.
Car manufacturers must address challenges such as cost, compatibility with existing systems, and the need for trained engineers to fully leverage the benefits of Ethernet in automotive applications.

The Rise of CAN in Automotive Networking

How CAN Started and Grew

The Controller Area Network (CAN) was invented in the 1980s. Bosch created it in 1985 to make car communication easier. Before this, cars used point-to-point wiring to connect devices. This method needed many wires, making things messy and hard to manage. CAN changed this by using a simpler communication system.

In 1993, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) made CAN a global standard called ISO 11898. This made it very important for car makers. Over time, new protocols like CANopen and DeviceNet were added. These upgrades helped CAN handle more tasks, from simple car functions to advanced systems.

How CAN Helped Early Cars

CAN became a key part of modern cars quickly. It helped Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and sensors work together easily. This reduced the number of wires needed, making cars more reliable and easier to build. With one communication bus, many parts could connect without extra wiring.

CAN did more than just simplify things. It made data transfer faster, allowing systems to talk in real-time. Its reliability made it perfect for safety features like anti-lock brakes (ABS) and airbags. CAN could also grow to fit cars of different sizes and needs.

"The use of the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus changed how cars are made." This shows how much it improved car design and function.

By the late 1990s, CAN was the main system for car networking. Its speed and flexibility helped manage more electronic systems in cars. From engine control to entertainment, CAN helped cars work better together, leading to new car technology.

Challenges and Limits of CAN

Problems with Speed and Data

CAN has been a strong network for cars for years. But its speed is now a big problem for modern cars. CAN can only send data at 1 Mbps. This was fine for older car systems. Today’s cars use advanced tech like smart sensors and driver aids. These need faster data speeds, which CAN cannot handle.

Modern car networks must move lots of data quickly. For example, self-driving systems need fast data to make quick choices. CAN’s slow speed cannot keep up with these needs. Because of this, cars are switching to Ethernet. Ethernet is much faster and better for these tasks.

"CAN is cheap and tough but slower than Ethernet."

CAN still works well for safety systems that need quick responses. But it cannot grow to handle more data, which limits its use in new car tech.

Trouble Growing with New Car Tech

CAN also has trouble growing with more complex cars. Modern cars have more sensors and devices than before. CAN was made for simpler systems and struggles with too many devices. Adding more to a CAN network can slow it down and make it less reliable.

This also makes it hard for CAN to support new car tech. Electric cars need strong networks for batteries and energy systems. CAN’s design is not flexible enough for these needs. Ethernet, however, can handle more devices and data without slowing down.

Car makers are now using Ethernet to fix these problems. Ethernet is faster and easier to upgrade with new tech. This change shows the need for better networks in today’s cars.

The Start and Growth of Automotive Ethernet

Important Steps in Automotive Ethernet

Automotive ethernet began in the late 2010s. It was created to meet the need for faster, better car communication. Unlike older systems, ethernet is much quicker. It works well with modern car technology. This new system changed how cars share data by being strong and easy to expand.

In May 2022, Broadcom Inc. made the BCM8958X, a fast ethernet switch for cars. This device helped cars handle more data and complex tasks. Ethernet became the main choice for car networks. It reduced wires, resisted interference, and sent data quickly.

In May 2024, Analog Devices, Inc. and BMW Group will use E²B technology. This uses 10BASE-T1S ethernet for better car designs. It allows new ways to connect parts of a car. These steps show how ethernet is growing and becoming more important in cars.

"Automotive ethernet is a big step forward for car networks."

How Ethernet Helps Car Systems

Ethernet is used in many car systems today. It helps advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) work better. These systems need fast data from cameras and sensors. Ethernet makes features like lane-keeping and collision avoidance possible.

Infotainment systems also use ethernet. It supports video streaming, navigation, and internet in cars. Ethernet makes these features faster and smoother. Electric cars also need ethernet for battery and energy management.

Ethernet is key for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. This lets cars talk to each other and to roads. It improves safety and traffic flow. Ethernet handles lots of data, making it perfect for V2X. It keeps up with new car needs, proving its value in modern vehicles.

Why Automotive Ethernet is Better Than CAN

Faster Speeds and Easy Expansion

Automotive Ethernet is much faster than CAN. CAN can only send data at 1 Mbps. Ethernet can send data at 100 Mbps or more. Some versions even reach gigabit speeds. Modern cars need this speed for systems like ADAS and self-driving tech. These systems create and use a lot of data. Ethernet handles this data quickly and easily.

Ethernet is also great for adding more devices. Cars now have more sensors, cameras, and ECUs. Ethernet can connect all these without slowing down. CAN struggles when too many devices are added. Ethernet keeps working well even with many parts connected.

"Cars need networks that grow, and Ethernet does this best."

Ethernet also helps cars stay ready for new tech. As cars get smarter, Ethernet can adjust to handle new systems. This makes sure cars can keep up with future needs.

Works for Many Uses and Future Needs

Ethernet is very flexible and works for many car systems. It connects infotainment, safety, and V2X communication. This means one network can do many jobs in a car. Ethernet also works with other tech used in homes and industries. This makes it easier to add to cars.

Ethernet is ready for the future too. Electric and self-driving cars need strong networks. Ethernet can handle real-time data sharing between cars and other systems. It manages big data and adjusts to new demands. This makes it perfect for future car tech.

"Ethernet is the key to modern and future car networks."

By using Ethernet, car makers prepare for today and tomorrow. It keeps car networks fast, reliable, and ready for new ideas. This helps cars stay advanced as technology changes.

Future Trends and Challenges in Automotive Networking

New Technologies in Car Networking

Cars are changing with new technologies improving how they work. One big change is v2x communication and vehicle-to-vehicle sharing. These let cars share real-time data with each other and roads. For example, a car can warn others about sudden stops or dangers. This helps prevent accidents and keeps traffic moving safely.

Another trend is using centralized computing systems. These combine many systems into one strong processor. With ethernet, data moves quickly between car parts. This helps autonomous driving and safety systems like cameras and sensors work better together.

Fast data tools like Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) are also important. TSN makes sure critical systems like brakes work on time. SPE reduces wiring but still works well, saving money and space in cars.

"New tools like TSN and SPE make cars safer and smarter."

As cars connect more, keeping them safe from hackers is vital. Automakers are adding encryption and security systems to protect data. This builds trust in these advanced technologies.

Fixing Problems with Ethernet in Cars

Switching to ethernet in cars has some problems. Many cars still use old systems that don’t match ethernet. Automakers need ways to connect old and new systems smoothly.

Cost is another issue. Ethernet needs special parts that can be expensive to make. But as more cars use ethernet, prices should go down over time.

Heat is also a problem. Fast data sharing creates heat that can harm parts. Car makers are finding new ways to cool systems and keep them working well.

"Solving these issues is key for better car networks."

Training is important too. Engineers need to learn about ethernet to design and fix these systems. Automakers and schools must work together to teach these skills.

Finally, the industry needs shared rules for ethernet. Standards will help different car brands work together. This will make it easier to build and use ethernet in cars.

By solving these problems, cars can fully use ethernet. This will lead to safer, smarter, and more advanced vehicles for everyone.

The change from CAN to Ethernet is a big step in car networking. CAN was once the main way car parts talked to each other. Now, it struggles with speed and handling more devices. Ethernet is faster and stronger, meeting today’s car needs like better connections and automation. This switch improves how cars work now and gets them ready for future tech. As cars get smarter, Ethernet helps make them safer and more efficient.

FAQ

Why is Automotive Ethernet becoming popular?

Automotive Ethernet is popular because it handles more data in cars. It sends data quickly, with little delay, and works reliably. Its high speed lets systems like ADAS and infotainment run together. Standard rules have also lowered costs and improved quality, making it a good choice for car makers.

What makes Automotive Ethernet better than older car networks?

Automotive Ethernet is faster than older systems like CAN and LIN. It moves data quickly between complex car parts. It can grow and adapt, making it great for new tech like self-driving cars and electric vehicles. But it needs careful design to work its best.

How is Automotive Ethernet different from regular Ethernet?

Automotive Ethernet and regular Ethernet both use IP, but they are built differently. Automotive Ethernet is made for cars, handling problems like interference and tough conditions. These changes make it strong and reliable for car use.

Do CAN, CAN FD, and FlexRay still matter?

Yes, CAN, CAN FD, and FlexRay are still important. They are used for safety systems and simple tasks where reliability is key. Cars now use both old and new networks together for the best results.

Why are more cars using Automotive Ethernet?

Cars need faster networks for things like ADAS and self-driving. Automotive Ethernet gives the speed and reliability needed for these systems. It helps connect all parts of the car smoothly.

How fast is Automotive Ethernet compared to CAN or LIN?

Automotive Ethernet is much faster than CAN or LIN. It can handle big tasks like cameras, sensors, and real-time systems. This makes it perfect for modern cars.

What problems does Automotive Ethernet face?

Automotive Ethernet has some challenges. It costs more and can have delays. It also needs special care to avoid interference. These issues mean car makers must design it carefully.

What is Automotive Ethernet used for in cars?

Automotive Ethernet is used in ADAS, infotainment, and V2X systems. It helps safety features like lane-keeping and collision alerts. It also makes video streaming and internet in cars faster. Electric cars use it to manage energy better.

How does Automotive Ethernet help future car tech?

Automotive Ethernet is ready for future tech like self-driving cars. It can handle lots of data and adjust to new systems. This keeps cars advanced and ready for new ideas.

What challenges come with using Automotive Ethernet?

Using Automotive Ethernet has some problems. It must work with old systems, and its parts can be costly. Fast data can also cause heat, which needs managing. Car makers need shared rules and trained engineers to fix these issues. Solving them will make Automotive Ethernet even better for cars.